Evolution of bacterial pathogen populations has been detected in a variety of ways including phenotypic tests, such as metabolic activity, reaction to antisera and drug resistance and genotypic tests ...

Monoamine neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine play important roles in our cognitive and emotional functions. Their evolutionary origins date back to metazoans, and while the function of ...

Skeletons of the early horse-relative Eohippus (left) and modern Equus (right). From Animals of the Past by Lucas. During the early 20th century many biologists were considering a variety of ...

The second century Alexandrian astronomer and mathematician Claudius Ptolemy had a grand ambition. Hoping to make sense of the motion of stars and the paths of planets, he published a magisterial ...

Professor of Evolutionary Palaeobiology at the Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath The diversity and complexity of life on Earth is astonishing: 8 million or more living species – from ...

Bite marks in tule quids : the life and times of a dental anthropologist / Christy G. Turner II -- Twin and family studies of human dental crown morphology : genetic, epigenetic, and environmental ...